Refining Technology
Term Refining Technology refers to the process industries for Refining of Edible (Palm Oil, Sunflower Oil, Castor seed Oil, etc.) and Non-Edible Oil (Petrol, Diesel, Crude oil, Bio Diesel, etc.), whereas both the industries has same set of operations involved except of the End products and By Products.
Refineries are complex industrial facilities that transform crude oil into various useful products, let’s discuss the same one by one in detail. The refining process typically involves three main stages.
Separation: Crude oil is heated and fed into a distillation tower, where it is separated into its various fractions based on their boiling points. Lighter fractions, such as naphtha and gasoline, rise to the top of the tower, while heavier fractions, such as diesel and fuel oil, collect at the bottom.
Conversion: Some of the fractions from the distillation tower can be used directly as finished products, but others need further processing to create more valuable products. This is where conversion processes come in. Common conversion processes include:.
a. Cracking: This process breaks down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more valuable molecules such as gasoline and diesel. Cracking can be done thermally (using heat) or catalytically (using a catalyst).
b. Reforming: This process rearranges the molecular structure of hydrocarbons to create higher-octane gasoline, which burns more efficiently in car engines.
c. Hydrotreating: This process removes sulfur and other impurities from hydrocarbons using hydrogen.
d. Treatment: The final stage of the refining process is treatment, where the products are further refined and purified to meet quality specifications.
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